Cuo means "wrong, disorder" and gu means "bone". They refer to techniques which tear apart an opponent's muscles or tendons. Fen means "to divide", zhua is "to grab" and jin means "tendon, muscle, sinew". "Fen jin" or "zhua jin" (dividing the muscle/tendon, grabbing the muscle/tendon).Qinna can generally be categorized (in Chinese) as: Styles such as Eagle Claw (Yīng zhua quán 鷹爪拳), which includes 108 qinna techniques, Praying Mantis (Tánglángquán 螳螂拳), the Tiger Claw techniques of Hung Gar (洪家), and Shuai Jiao are well known examples. While techniques of qinna are trained to some degree by most martial arts worldwide, many Chinese martial arts are famous for their specialization in such applications. Instead, each school varies depending on the instructor's training and/or personal preference of focus. There is no universally accepted systemized form of qinna. Along with Fujian White Crane, styles such as Northern Eagle Claw (Ying Jow Pai) and Tiger Claw (Fu Jow Pai) have qinna as their martial focus and tend to rely on these advanced techniques. In the Non-Temple White Crane style there are 150-200 qinna techniques alone.
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There are over 700 qinna traditional techniques found in all martial arts. The southern martial arts have much more prevalent reliance on hand techniques which causes the practitioner to be in closer range to their opponent. The southern Chinese martial arts have more developed qinna techniques than northern Chinese martial systems. All martial arts contain qinna techniques in some degree. This is one of the many reasons why the qinna of one school may differ from that of another. Some Chinese martial arts instructors focus more on their qinna techniques than others. Qinna features both standing and ground-based grappling techniques. Some schools simply use the word na ("hold") to describe the techniques.
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Qinna Shu ( Chinese: 術 pinyin: shù meaning "technique") literally translates as lock catch technique. Qinna ( Chinese: 擒拿 pinyin: qínná Wade–Giles: ch'in na) is the set of joint lock techniques used in the Chinese martial arts to control or lock an opponent's joints or muscles/tendons so they cannot move, thus neutralizing the opponent's fighting ability.